British Ticks.
Arthur, Don Ramsay
British Ticks. - 213.
Machine generated contents note: 1 What Is Biodiversity1 -- 1.1 Introduction1 -- 1.2 Defining Biodiversity2 -- 1.2.1 Genetic Diversity2 -- 1.2.2 Species Diversity3 -- 1.2.3 Ecosystem Diversity3 -- 1.2.4 Ecological and Evolutionary Processes3 -- 2 The Eastern Arc Mountains -- and Their Biological Significance5 -- 2.1 Geography5 -- 2.2 Geology5 -- 2.3 Soils7 -- 2.4 Climate8 -- 2.5 Forest Cover10 -- 2.6 Protected Area Coverage11 -- 2.7 Level of Knowledge About Biodiversity13 -- 2.8 Evolutionary and Ecological Significance15 -- 2.9 Geographic Comparisons of Species Richness -- and Endemism16 -- 2.10 Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable Species 18 -- 2.11 Relationship Between Global Threatened Status -- and Endemism24 -- 2.12 Forest Loss in Africa and Tanzania24 -- 2.12.1 Forest Loss in the Eastern Arc Mountains25 -- 2.13 Primary Causes of Forest Loss -- in the Eastern Arc Mountains26 -- 2.13.1 Small-Scale Agricultural Expansion26 -- 2.13.2 Commercial Logging30 -- 2.13.3 Large-Scale Agricultural Expansion31 -- 2.13.4 Cultivation of Cardamom32 -- 2.13.5 Exotic Softwood and Hardwood Plantations34 -- 2.13.6 Collection of Fuelwood and Building Poles 34 -- 2.14 Designation of the Eastern Arc Mountains -- as a Globally Threatened Ecosystem37 -- 3 Importance of Biodiversity39 -- 3.1 Medicinal Plants39 -- 3.2 Food Plants 45 -- 3.3 Cooking Fats 49 -- 3.4 Honey Production 50 -- 3.5 Wildlife as Food50 -- 3.6 Building Materials 52 -- 3.7 Household Items 54 -- 3.8 Long-Burning Fuels55 -- 3.9 Dyes56 -- 3.10 Ornamentals 57 -- 3.11 Cash Crops60 -- 3.12 Additional Indirect Benefits of Conserving Biodiversity 60 -- 3.12.1 Water and Soil Conservation60 -- 3.12.2 Climate Regulation64 -- 3.12.3 Ecotourism64 -- 3.12.4 Education and Research66 -- 3.13 Economic Valuation of Forest Products66 -- 3.14 International Convention on Biological Diversity -- and Biodiversity Prospecting Agreements67 -- 4 Current Threats to Biodiversity 69 -- 4.1 Deforestation69 -- 4.1.1 Impact on Species Diversity70 -- 4.1.2 Impact on Ecosystem Diversity75 -- 4.1.3 Impact on Ecological Processes76 -- 4.2 Forest Fragmentation78 -- 4.2.1 Change in Size and Isolation80 -- 4.2.2 Change in Microclimate81 -- 4.2.3 Change in Rates of Predation, Pollination, -- Seed Dispersal and Parasitism88 -- 4.3 Forest Degradation89 -- 4.3.1 Primates93 -- 4.3.2 Large Mammals94 -- 4.3.3 Small Mammals96 -- 4.3.4 Birds96 -- 4.3.5 Arthropods99 -- 4.3.6 Plant Communities100 -- 4.3.7 Natural Tree Falls and Gaps101 -- 4.4 Over-Exploitation102 -- 4.4.1 Plants102 -- 4.4.2 Animals104 -- 4.5 Introduction of Exotic Species106 -- 4.5.1 Exotic Tree Plantations110 -- 5 Site-Specific Knowledge Important -- for Conserving Biodiversity115 -- 5.1 Distribution of Biodiversity115 -- 5.1.1 Patterns of Species Richness115 -- 5.1.1.1 Comparison Between Eastern Arc Mountains116 -- 5.1.1.2 Elevational Zonation118 -- 5.1.2 Patterns of Endemism 120 -- 5.1.2.1 Comparison Between Eastern Arc Mountains120 -- 5.1.2.2 Elevational Zonation in the Usambara Mountains 121 -- 5.2 Trends in Populations of Keystone and Indicator Species 122 -- 5.2.1 Keystone Species 122 -- 5.2.2 Indicator Species 123 -- 5.3 Critical Ecological and Evolutionary Processes124 -- 5.4 Minimum Area Requirement of Extinction-Prone Species 126 -- 5.5 Relationship of Local People to Adjacent Forests 127 -- 5.5.1 Land Tenure 128 -- 5.5.2 Sacred Sites 129 -- 5.5.3 Utilization of Forest Products130 -- 5.5.4 Impact of Human Activities upon Biodiversity 131 -- 5.5.5 Attitudes of Local People 131 -- 5.6 What Can Be Done in the Absence -- of Important Site-Specific Information?133 -- 6 Site-Specific Activities Useful for Conserving Biodiversity .135 -- 6.1 Biophysical Mapping of Resources135 -- 6.2 Wildlife Corridors137 -- 6.3 Ecological Monitoring142 -- 6.3.1 What to Monitor143 -- 6.4 Conservation Initiatives148 -- 6.4.1 Integrated Conservation and Development Projects 149 -- 6.4.2 Soil and Water Conservation Projects153 -- 6.4.3 Conflict Resolution Projects154 -- 6.4.4 Village Woodlot Projects155 -- 6.4.5 Enhancing Protected Area Institutions 159 -- 7 Summary and Conclusions161.
3-540-42429-6
Forest biodiversity conservation--Kenya
Forest biodiversity conservation--Tanzania
Forest ecology--Kenya
Forest ecology--Tanzania
British Ticks. - 213.
Machine generated contents note: 1 What Is Biodiversity1 -- 1.1 Introduction1 -- 1.2 Defining Biodiversity2 -- 1.2.1 Genetic Diversity2 -- 1.2.2 Species Diversity3 -- 1.2.3 Ecosystem Diversity3 -- 1.2.4 Ecological and Evolutionary Processes3 -- 2 The Eastern Arc Mountains -- and Their Biological Significance5 -- 2.1 Geography5 -- 2.2 Geology5 -- 2.3 Soils7 -- 2.4 Climate8 -- 2.5 Forest Cover10 -- 2.6 Protected Area Coverage11 -- 2.7 Level of Knowledge About Biodiversity13 -- 2.8 Evolutionary and Ecological Significance15 -- 2.9 Geographic Comparisons of Species Richness -- and Endemism16 -- 2.10 Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable Species 18 -- 2.11 Relationship Between Global Threatened Status -- and Endemism24 -- 2.12 Forest Loss in Africa and Tanzania24 -- 2.12.1 Forest Loss in the Eastern Arc Mountains25 -- 2.13 Primary Causes of Forest Loss -- in the Eastern Arc Mountains26 -- 2.13.1 Small-Scale Agricultural Expansion26 -- 2.13.2 Commercial Logging30 -- 2.13.3 Large-Scale Agricultural Expansion31 -- 2.13.4 Cultivation of Cardamom32 -- 2.13.5 Exotic Softwood and Hardwood Plantations34 -- 2.13.6 Collection of Fuelwood and Building Poles 34 -- 2.14 Designation of the Eastern Arc Mountains -- as a Globally Threatened Ecosystem37 -- 3 Importance of Biodiversity39 -- 3.1 Medicinal Plants39 -- 3.2 Food Plants 45 -- 3.3 Cooking Fats 49 -- 3.4 Honey Production 50 -- 3.5 Wildlife as Food50 -- 3.6 Building Materials 52 -- 3.7 Household Items 54 -- 3.8 Long-Burning Fuels55 -- 3.9 Dyes56 -- 3.10 Ornamentals 57 -- 3.11 Cash Crops60 -- 3.12 Additional Indirect Benefits of Conserving Biodiversity 60 -- 3.12.1 Water and Soil Conservation60 -- 3.12.2 Climate Regulation64 -- 3.12.3 Ecotourism64 -- 3.12.4 Education and Research66 -- 3.13 Economic Valuation of Forest Products66 -- 3.14 International Convention on Biological Diversity -- and Biodiversity Prospecting Agreements67 -- 4 Current Threats to Biodiversity 69 -- 4.1 Deforestation69 -- 4.1.1 Impact on Species Diversity70 -- 4.1.2 Impact on Ecosystem Diversity75 -- 4.1.3 Impact on Ecological Processes76 -- 4.2 Forest Fragmentation78 -- 4.2.1 Change in Size and Isolation80 -- 4.2.2 Change in Microclimate81 -- 4.2.3 Change in Rates of Predation, Pollination, -- Seed Dispersal and Parasitism88 -- 4.3 Forest Degradation89 -- 4.3.1 Primates93 -- 4.3.2 Large Mammals94 -- 4.3.3 Small Mammals96 -- 4.3.4 Birds96 -- 4.3.5 Arthropods99 -- 4.3.6 Plant Communities100 -- 4.3.7 Natural Tree Falls and Gaps101 -- 4.4 Over-Exploitation102 -- 4.4.1 Plants102 -- 4.4.2 Animals104 -- 4.5 Introduction of Exotic Species106 -- 4.5.1 Exotic Tree Plantations110 -- 5 Site-Specific Knowledge Important -- for Conserving Biodiversity115 -- 5.1 Distribution of Biodiversity115 -- 5.1.1 Patterns of Species Richness115 -- 5.1.1.1 Comparison Between Eastern Arc Mountains116 -- 5.1.1.2 Elevational Zonation118 -- 5.1.2 Patterns of Endemism 120 -- 5.1.2.1 Comparison Between Eastern Arc Mountains120 -- 5.1.2.2 Elevational Zonation in the Usambara Mountains 121 -- 5.2 Trends in Populations of Keystone and Indicator Species 122 -- 5.2.1 Keystone Species 122 -- 5.2.2 Indicator Species 123 -- 5.3 Critical Ecological and Evolutionary Processes124 -- 5.4 Minimum Area Requirement of Extinction-Prone Species 126 -- 5.5 Relationship of Local People to Adjacent Forests 127 -- 5.5.1 Land Tenure 128 -- 5.5.2 Sacred Sites 129 -- 5.5.3 Utilization of Forest Products130 -- 5.5.4 Impact of Human Activities upon Biodiversity 131 -- 5.5.5 Attitudes of Local People 131 -- 5.6 What Can Be Done in the Absence -- of Important Site-Specific Information?133 -- 6 Site-Specific Activities Useful for Conserving Biodiversity .135 -- 6.1 Biophysical Mapping of Resources135 -- 6.2 Wildlife Corridors137 -- 6.3 Ecological Monitoring142 -- 6.3.1 What to Monitor143 -- 6.4 Conservation Initiatives148 -- 6.4.1 Integrated Conservation and Development Projects 149 -- 6.4.2 Soil and Water Conservation Projects153 -- 6.4.3 Conflict Resolution Projects154 -- 6.4.4 Village Woodlot Projects155 -- 6.4.5 Enhancing Protected Area Institutions 159 -- 7 Summary and Conclusions161.
3-540-42429-6
Forest biodiversity conservation--Kenya
Forest biodiversity conservation--Tanzania
Forest ecology--Kenya
Forest ecology--Tanzania